نشریه پژوهش توانبخشی در پرستاری
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، زمستان 1394)

Musculoskeletal pain in persons living with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can be debilitating. This study aimed to determine the effect of a specialized exercise program on musculoskeletal pain intensity in paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.
This study was a randomized controlled trial in which all of the spinal cord injured patients¡ who were referred to khatam-al Anbia Hospital in Tehran-Iran during six months of 2014¡ defined as our accessible research population. Forty patients were selected Based on inclusion criteria and then were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups using a random numbers table. Experimental group received twelve 45-60 minutes exercise sessions twice a week which specifically has been developed for paraplegic spinal cord injury patients. Patients pain characteristics and intensity were assessed using International Spinal Cord Injury Based Pain Data Set. Inferential data analyses including chi-square¡ independent t-test¡ paired T¡ and analysis of variance was conducted using SPSS19 statistical software.
Results showed no statistically significant difference between Experimental and control groups about demographic characteristics. The mean musculoskeletal pain intensity Scores before intervention were 6/05±0/87 and 5/63±0/95 in the experimental and the control group respectively¡ which reached to 3/27±1/4 and 5/47±0/9 after implementation of the intervention and this difference was statistically Significant (p≤0/001).
The results showed that regular exercise program can alleviate musculoskeletal pain intensity after spinal cord injuries.

Experience of pregnancy and childbirth in women''s lives especially in their first pregnancies has been considered a very stressful situation. Indeed neonates readmissions in the hospitals for any reason can induce even more stress and anxiety in these mothers. In these critical situations grandmothers can play a pivotal role in helping these young parents with their empathy and listening to their worries and providing valuable counseling and advices for overcoming any potential problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional empowering of these grandmothers on anxiety of their primiparous daughters due to neonatal readmission to hospitals.
This was a quasi-experimental study¡ the research population consisted of primiparous women who their newborns were hospitalized in Rajaei hospital-Gachsaran city–Iran for different medical reasons in 2015.84 women and their mothers consisted as our sample who allocated to intervention and control groups using convenience sampling method. Grandmothers in intervention group received the emotional empowerment program that has been developed based on Mercer theory and Ravanipour self-management model through face to face sessions and telephone follow ups for one month. Anxiety levels were measured in both groups of mothers after intervention using Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSSv.18 software.
The demographic data of two groups were not significantly different (P > 0/05). Anxiety levels of intervention and control groups before intervention showed no statistically significant difference(P≥0.05). After empowerment program grandmothers in intervention group showed remarkable decrease in their anxiety levels compared to control group counterparts (P = 0/000).
Emotional Empowering based on self-management model implemented on grandmothers resulted in a significant reduction in anxiety of their primiparous daughters with hospitalized newborns. This model of empowerment should be used more extensively by nurses as routine practice in newborn wards and neonatal intensive care units.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among the elderly that causes pain, joint stiffness and muscle weakness. Acupressure is a non-invasive technique that causes the energy balance in the body through acupoints massage and improving the comfort and health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acupressure on pain and stiffness of knee among elderly nursing home residents with osteoarthritis.
The present study is a randomized clinical trial. The population included all the elders with osteoarthritis of the knees settled in nursing homes in Tehran. The sample of our study consisted of 51 elders (men and women) aged over 60 years in three groups as follows: real points acupressure (15 elders of first nursing home), sham group (15 elders of second nursing home), and control group (21 elders of third nursing home). The three groups randomly allocated to these three nursing homes. For both of the intervention groups, massage was performed in form of 10 sessions of 15 minutes three days a week on 8 real and sham pressure points. To assess knee pain and stiffness in patients before and after intervention Western Ontario and McMaster osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) instrument was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS19 statistical software, and chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test and analysis of variance.
Before intervention three groups were comparable in aspects of knee pain severity and stiffness. After intervention acupressure group showed a significant pain relief (P According to effects of acupressure on pain of knee among elderly with osteoarthritis under this study and low cost, safety and simplicity of the procedure, it is suggested that this technique to be used more widely in older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Health promoting activities and a healthy lifestyle are major strategies to preserve health. The purpose of this study was to compare health promoting lifestyle in rotating shift work vs fixed shift work nurses in Ilam- Iran.
Our research was a descriptive - analytical and cross- sectional study. The sample consisted of 80 fixed shift work nurses and 80 rotating shift work counterparts at three hospitals in Ilam-Iran. Convenience sampling was used as sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic questionnaire and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Descriptive and Inferential data analyses including independent t-test and analysis of variance was conducted using SPSS19 statistical software.
Independent t-tests showed that global health Promoting lifestyle profile scores of fixed shift work nurses were higher than that of rotating shift work nurses (p≤0.001). There were statistically significant differences between nutritional patterns and habits¡ stress management¡ interpersonal relationships and physical activities in rotating shiftwork nurses and their fixed shift work counterparts(p≤0.001). On the other hand¡ we found no such significant differences in self-actualization and health management responsibilities sub scores between two groups(p=0/8). ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between age¡ gender and marital status and health promoting lifestyle scores in rotating shiftwork and fixed shift work nurses(p≥0.05).
Rotating shift works have negative impacts on healthy lifestyle of nurses and could negatively affect their nutritional patterns¡ interpersonal relationship¡ stress management and physical activities. Based on the results of this study¡ nurses who work at rotating shifts are negatively affected from these adverse effects. So programs must be developed to protect nurses in long shift works and psychological interventions to reduce stresses caused by these undesirable work conditions.

Depression is the second leading cause of disability in elderlies only after physical causes that reduces social activities¡ impairs cognitive functioning and reduces quality of life. Today regular exercise is a well-established modality in modern medicine and it is the first line consideration in the field of lifestyle modification for prevention and management of chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Tai Chi Chuan exercises on depression in elderly women.
This study was a quasi-experimental¡ pre-test¡ post-test with control group design. Sixty elderly retired women¡ members of national Iranian oil company¡ participated in the study based on eligibility criteria. Subjects were chosen through purposive sampling and assigned randomly to intervention and control groups. Intervention consisted of 24 sessions of Tai Chi Chuan for 8 weeks (3 times a week). Data collection instruments were a demographic questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).The data were analyzed using inferential statistic tests (Fisher''s exact test¡ chi square¡ t-test and paired t-test) in SPSS version 19 software.
Before the intervention¡ the mean score of depression was 10/34 in experimental group and 10/38 in control group and this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0/668). After the intervention the mean score of depression reduced to 6/72 in experimental group and 10/09 in control group. Analysis of covariance confirmed that this significant reduction in depression levels was due to Tai Chi Chuan exercises (p The results showed that Tai Chi Chuan exercise reduced depression levels in the elderly women. Therefore¡ it is suggested that Tai Chi Chuan as one form of safe and cost effective complementary medicine should be used more commonly for promoting mental health profile of the elders.

Nowadays¡ drug abuse and addiction is a serious issue worldwide. There are many known risk factors for drug abuse and in any community some of these risk factors play a more important role in this regard. With respect to the lack of any native data in this issue in Kermanshah province¡ this study was conducted for determining the causative factors for tendency to drug use in the viewpoint of referrers to addiction treatment centers around this province in 2012.
this research was a descriptive-cross-sectional study. The population consisted of addicted people referred to addiction treatment centers of Kermanshah in 2012. The subjects were 768 clients who recruited using convenience sampling. Data was collected via interview and completing a questionnaire¡ these data entered to SPSS 21 software and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
in this study 92.7% of participants were male. The mean age and onset age of drug use were 36.17 ± 11.43 and 24.88 ± 9.09 years respectively. opium was the most common abused drug (67.4%)¡ and smoking was the most cited method for drug use (72.1%). the most important reasons for starting drug use reported by the participants were relationship to other addicted friends and relatives (54%)¡ attending in night parties (35.7%)¡ loneliness and lack of good friends (28.3%)¡ interest to use drugs (24.3%)¡ and curiosity about drugs (17.1%).
According to the findings¡ acquaintances with addicted friends and relatives¡ attending in illegal night parties¡ loneliness and the lack of good friends¡ interest to use the drugs¡ and curiosity about drugs were the main predisposing factors for drug use in our study. So¡ as a preventive measure about this health and socio cultural problem it is suggested that the necessary educational programs covering these issues will be offered to the public in educational and health centers.

Thalassemia is the most common single gene disorder. The difficulties and complications of this disease affects all body systems which otherwise could not be seen in all other diseases. Thalassemia like any other chronic disease negatively affects person’s quality of life. Objective of this study was to determine the effect of partnership caring model on quality of life of adolescents with major thalassemia.
The research was a quasi-experimental study with intervention and control groups¡ research sample consisted of forty adolescents with thalassemia major who were referred to Razi and Bo-Ali Sari hospitals in Ghaemshahr and Sari two northern cities in Iran. First¡ each hospital was randomly assigned to intervention and control groups then eligible patients were chosen based on convenience method. The Demographic data and SF36 questionnaires completed before the intervention in both groups. Partnership caring model was conducted during 2 months in the intervention group according to the motivation¡ preparation¡ involvement and evaluation. Quality of life scores in two groups were compared with pre-intervention data 3 months later using SPSSv.22 software.
The mean and standard deviation scores of quality of life before intervention were 45/16±5/33 and 45/38±6/19 in intervention and control groups respectively and independent t-test showed no statistically significant differences (P = 0/43). But the difference between two groups after intervention was significant (75/06 ±4/0 vs 42/80 ± 7/73 in intervention and control groups respectively with P≤0.001).
This study showed that partnership caring model can be used as an effective caring approach to improve the quality of life in adolescents with major thalassemia.

Stroke is the most common nervous disorder in the world. For successful implementation of physical rehabilitation programs for these patients it is crucial that any important relevant factors on this process to be explored. This study using a systematic review of relevant literature was done to comprehensively investigate these factors.
Our study was a systematic review. We conducted a search on international scientific digital data bases including: Science Direct¡ pub Med¡ ProQuest¡ Google Scholar¡ Elsevier and Ovid databases spanning 1991-2014 using CVA¡ Stroke¡ Rehabilitation¡ physical Rehabilitation key words and national databases including: Iron doc¡ Iran Medex¡ SID spanning 1380-1393 using Persian equivalent keywords. We found 648 relevant articles from which only 7 original articles and 8 review articles were qualified for inclusion in our systematic review.
Based on the resulting data the most important contributing factors in physical rehabilitation of stroke patients determined as follows: Age of stroke survivor¡ Early scheduling of rehabilitation programs¡ mental status¡ Self-care capabilities and extension and severity of hemiplegia.
It is very important that the members of rehabilitation team have a clear understanding about relevant effective factors contributing to successful implementation of rehabilitation programs in stroke patients. This good understanding can safeguard smooth transition of these clients toward recovery.